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Diagnostic procedures in dermatology.

Eleonora Ruocco1, Adone Baroni, Giovanna Donnarumma

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Second University of Naples, via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.

Clinics in Dermatology
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Routine laboratory tests like Wood's light, Tzanck smears, and microscopy are crucial for diagnosing skin diseases. Advanced molecular methods offer benefits but require expertise and resources for specific infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Medical Laboratory Science

Background:

  • Visual inspection is primary for skin disease diagnosis.
  • Laboratory investigations are essential in specific clinical scenarios.
  • Routine and advanced diagnostic methods complement each other.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of often-overlooked routine diagnostic procedures in dermatology.
  • To discuss the role of innovative molecular biology techniques in skin disease diagnosis.
  • To provide an overview of classic and modern laboratory approaches for dermatologic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of classic diagnostic procedures: Wood's light examination, Tzanck cytodiagnosis, and microscopic examination (KOH, saline, Gram stain).
  • Discussion of modern molecular biology techniques, including gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • Application examples for various dermatologic disorders and infections.

Main Results:

  • Wood's light is useful for diagnosing conditions like vitiligo and pityriasis versicolor.
  • Tzanck smears aid in identifying herpetic infections, molluscum contagiosum, and pemphigus vulgaris.
  • Microscopy effectively detects fungal, bacterial, and mite infestations.
  • Molecular methods, particularly PCR, show significant utility in diagnosing specific viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan infections.

Conclusions:

  • Classic laboratory methods remain valuable and should not be overlooked in dermatologic diagnosis.
  • Molecular biology techniques offer advanced diagnostic capabilities for selected skin infections.
  • A combination of routine and advanced laboratory investigations ensures comprehensive diagnosis and management of skin diseases.