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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Label-Free Immunoprecipitation Mass Spectrometry Workflow for Large-scale Nuclear Interactome Profiling
11:19

Label-Free Immunoprecipitation Mass Spectrometry Workflow for Large-scale Nuclear Interactome Profiling

Published on: November 17, 2019

Interaction profiling identifies the human nuclear exosome targeting complex.

Michal Lubas1, Marianne S Christensen, Maiken S Kristiansen

  • 1Centre for mRNP Biogenesis and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, CF Møllers Allé 3, Building 1130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.

Molecular Cell
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified the human Nuclear Exosome Targeting (NEXT) complex, a key activator of RNA degradation. This complex, unlike in yeast, uses spatially organized cofactors for specific RNA processing pathways.

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A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) on Human pre-mRNA
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Nuclei Isolation from Mouse Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Epigenome and Gene Expression Profiling at Single-Cell Resolution
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Nuclei Isolation from Mouse Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Epigenome and Gene Expression Profiling at Single-Cell Resolution

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Published on: November 17, 2019

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Nuclei Isolation from Mouse Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Epigenome and Gene Expression Profiling at Single-Cell Resolution
10:03

Nuclei Isolation from Mouse Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Epigenome and Gene Expression Profiling at Single-Cell Resolution

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The RNA exosome requires cofactors for full activity, with Mtr4p and the TRAMP complex being crucial in yeast.
  • Identifying human nuclear exosome activators is essential for understanding RNA processing and degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify cofactors that activate the human nuclear exosome.
  • To elucidate the functional roles and localization of these cofactors.

Main Methods:

  • Interaction network analysis of the human nuclear exosome.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation to identify associated proteins.
  • Subcellular localization studies (nucleoli exclusion).

Main Results:

  • Identification of the trimeric Nuclear Exosome Targeting (NEXT) complex (hMTR4, ZCCHC8, RBM7).
  • NEXT complex is specifically required for the degradation of promoter upstream transcripts (PROMPTs).
  • Detection of putative human TRAMP complex subunits (hTRF4-2, ZCCHC7) with distinct nucleolar localization.

Conclusions:

  • Human nuclear exosome function involves spatially organized cofactor modules, differing from the yeast model.
  • The NEXT complex and TRAMP-like components represent distinct functional units in human RNA degradation.