Urinary chromium excretion and insulinogenic properties of carbohydrates

Eleven male and nine female adult subjects were given one of the following five carbohydrate-drink combinations (per kg body wt) on five mornings separated by greater than or equal to 2 wk: 1) 1.0 g glucose, 2) 0.9 g uncooked cornstarch, 3) 1.0 g glucose followed 20 min later by 1.75 g fructose, 4) 0.9 g uncooked cornstarch followed 20 min later by 1.75 g fructose, and 5) water followed 20 min later by 1.75 g fructose. Glucose plus fructose was the most insulinogenic followed by glucose alone, starch plus fructose, starch alone, and water plus fructose. The urinary losses of chromium followed a similar pattern. Subjects with the highest concentrations of circulating insulin displayed decreased ability to mobilize chromium on the basis of urinary chromium excretion. Therefore, urinary chromium losses are related to the insulinogenic properties of carbohydrates.