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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
Mortar01:29

Mortar

Mortar, a mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water, is a crucial binding material in construction. Its primary function is to join masonry units together, filling gaps and ensuring a uniform distribution of weight across the structure. This helps in preventing potential weaknesses. Mortar also serves as a protective barrier against environmental elements such as water and wind, thereby safeguarding the interior of the structure. It also compensates for surface irregularities...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Portland Cement01:21

Portland Cement

Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
09:31

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives

Published on: May 14, 2019

Dicalcium phosphate cements: brushite and monetite.

Faleh Tamimi1, Zeeshan Sheikh, Jake Barralet

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. faleh.tamimimarino@mcgill.ca

Acta Biomaterialia
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Dicalcium phosphate cements, including brushite and monetite, have seen significant research advancements for clinical use. This review details their preparation, properties, and diverse applications in bone regeneration and beyond.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering
  • Bioceramics

Background:

  • Dicalcium phosphate cements (DCPCs) have been researched for two decades to enhance properties for clinical applications.
  • Brushite and monetite are the two primary dicalcium phosphate bioceramics driving innovation in this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the research on brushite and monetite cements.
  • To summarize preparation methods, setting reactions, and key properties of DCPCs.
  • To discuss the in vivo behavior, conversion pathways, and clinical applications of these bioceramics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of dicalcium phosphate cement research.
  • Analysis of different cement formulations and preparation techniques.
  • Evaluation of physical and chemical properties, including strength, cohesion, injectability, and shelf-life.
  • Review of studies on brushite conversion to monetite or apatite.
  • Synthesis of data on in vivo performance, biodegradation, and clinical applications.

Main Results:

  • Various formulae for dicalcium phosphate cements have been developed, influencing their properties.
  • Key properties like compressive strength, tensile strength, cohesion, injectability, and shelf-life are critical for clinical success.
  • Brushite can convert to monetite or apatite, impacting cement stability and bioactivity.
  • DCPCs demonstrate potential for bone formation, controlled biodegradation, and applications in drug delivery, orthopedics, craniofacial surgery, cancer therapy, and biosensors.

Conclusions:

  • Dicalcium phosphate cements, particularly brushite and monetite, represent a dynamic research area with expanding clinical potential.
  • Understanding cement properties, conversion behavior, and in vivo responses is crucial for optimizing their use.
  • These bioceramics offer promising solutions for bone regeneration and various medical applications, including drug delivery and biosensing.