Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diffuse neuroinflammation and immature neuron loss in fetal Rhesus macaques after short-term intrauterine infection.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2026
Same author

In vivo and ex vivo cardiovascular haemodynamic responses of preterm growth-restricted lambs to perinatal asphyxia.

Clinical science (London, England : 1979)·2025
Same author

Sonographic anatomy and imaging of the great auricular nerve.

Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA·2025
Same author

Perturbation of the ovine placental transcriptome occurs at sub-therapeutic exposures to antenatal steroid therapy.

Placenta·2025
Same author

Persistent inflammation and white matter damage in the preterm brain: Insights from a novel ovine model of chronic inflammation.

Experimental neurology·2025
Same author

Sonographic Anatomy and Imaging of the Extracranial Component of the Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII).

Journal of medical radiation sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Positive end-expiratory pressure and surfactant decrease lung injury during initiation of ventilation in fetal sheep.

Noah H Hillman1, Ilias Nitsos, Clare Berry

  • 1Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary Biology, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. Noah.Hillman@cchmc.org

American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and surfactant treatment protect preterm lambs from ventilation-induced lung injury. Combining PEEP and surfactant offers the most significant protection against early lung inflammation and injury markers.

More Related Videos

The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation
09:03

The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation

Published on: August 15, 2018

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Published on: April 7, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation
09:03

The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation

Published on: August 15, 2018

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Published on: April 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Physiology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Pulmonary Biology

Background:

  • Mechanical ventilation initiation in preterm infants can cause lung injury.
  • Surfactant deficiency exacerbates this injury.
  • Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a potential protective strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective effects of PEEP and surfactant on lung injury in preterm lambs.
  • To evaluate the combined impact of PEEP and surfactant during mechanical ventilation initiation.

Main Methods:

  • Fetal sheep at 128-day gestation underwent ventilation with varying PEEP levels (0 or 8 cmH2O) and surfactant administration.
  • Ventilation used high tidal volumes (15 ml/kg) with 100% nitrogen for 15 minutes.
  • Lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected to assess injury markers.

Main Results:

  • Combined PEEP and surfactant treatment improved dynamic compliance and static lung volumes.
  • This combination significantly reduced protein and heat shock protein levels in lavage fluid.
  • PEEP and surfactant decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in lung tissue.

Conclusions:

  • PEEP significantly reduces early lung injury mediators during ventilation initiation.
  • Surfactant administration further modifies injury distribution and provides additive protection.
  • Combined PEEP and surfactant therapy is crucial for minimizing ventilation-induced lung injury in preterm neonates.