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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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Detection of miRNA Targets in High-throughput Using the 3'LIFE Assay
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Detection of miRNA Targets in High-throughput Using the 3'LIFE Assay

Published on: May 25, 2015

MicroRNA-449 in cell fate determination.

Muriel Lizé1, Alexander Klimke, Matthias Dobbelstein

  • 1Department of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, Ernst Caspari Haus, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. mlize@uni-goettingen.de

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs 449a, b, and c (miR-449) regulate cell death, differentiation, and tumor suppression. They are crucial for ciliated epithelia development and Notch signaling pathway modulation.

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08:40

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library

Published on: April 6, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • miR-449 family members (miR-449a, b, c) induce cell death, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation.
  • miR-449 is induced by E2F1, unlike p53-responsive miR-34, forming a feedback loop to balance E2F and p53 activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on miR-449's role in cell fate determination.
  • To propose future research directions for miR-449 in cell regulation and development.
  • To highlight the link between miR-449, cell differentiation, and tumor suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on miR-449 function.
  • Analysis of miR-449's regulatory mechanisms, including target genes.
  • Utilizing Xenopus embryos and cultured human cells as model systems.

Main Results:

  • miR-449 mediates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, contributing to tumor suppression.
  • miR-449 exhibits tissue specificity, with high expression in lung and testes.
  • miR-449 is essential for ciliated epithelia development via Notch signaling modulation.

Conclusions:

  • miR-449 plays a vital role in cell differentiation and organismal development.
  • miR-449 functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating cell fate.
  • Further research into miR-449's mechanisms can reveal new therapeutic strategies.