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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Screening for thyroid disease during pregnancy.

Emily S Miller1, William A Grobman

  • 1Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. emily-miller-1@md.northwestern.edu

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subclinical thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy lacks consistent evidence linking it to adverse outcomes. Universal screening and treatment are premature until more data is available.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Overt thyroid disease is a known risk factor for poor pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.
  • The impact of subclinical thyroid dysfunction on pregnancy and offspring development remains controversial.
  • Existing evidence on subclinical thyroid dysfunction is inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence regarding the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and pregnancy outcomes.
  • To assess the impact of subclinical thyroid dysfunction on the cognitive development of offspring.
  • To evaluate the necessity of universal screening and treatment for subclinical thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and observational studies.
  • Analysis of data on pregnancy outcomes and offspring cognitive development.
  • Assessment of the availability of interventional trial data.

Main Results:

  • Inconsistent evidence exists regarding the association of subclinical hypothyroidism or isolated hypothyroxinemia with pregnancy outcomes.
  • There is a lack of conclusive data on the effects of subclinical thyroid dysfunction on offspring cognitive development.
  • No interventional trials demonstrate improved outcomes for treated women with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence is insufficient to recommend universal screening for thyroid disease in pregnancy.
  • Treatment of subclinical thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy cannot be recommended due to a lack of supporting interventional data.
  • Further research, particularly interventional trials, is needed to clarify the risks and benefits of managing subclinical thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy.