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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

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Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: A Touch of Clarity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism during pregnancy.

Alex Stagnaro-Green1

  • 1George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA. msdasg@gwumc.edu

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Overt hyperthyroidism affects 0.5% and overt hypothyroidism 0.3% of pregnant individuals, posing risks like preeclampsia and preterm birth. Screening and treatment for thyroid disease in pregnancy are recommended.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is a significant concern.
  • Overt hyperthyroidism and overt hypothyroidism present distinct risks to maternal and fetal well-being.
  • Understanding the prevalence and impact is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define overt hyperthyroidism and overt hypothyroidism.
  • To evaluate the prevalence of these conditions in pregnancy.
  • To assess the maternal, fetal, and child health impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data.
  • Prevalence data analysis for overt thyroid disease.
  • Impact assessment of maternal thyroid dysfunction on pregnancy outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism is 0.5%.
  • Prevalence of overt hypothyroidism is 0.3%.
  • Maternal hyperthyroidism linked to heart failure, preeclampsia, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal mortality.
  • Maternal hypothyroidism linked to preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, cretinism, fetal death, spontaneous abortion.

Conclusions:

  • Overt thyroid disease in pregnancy is associated with serious adverse outcomes.
  • A cost-effective analysis for screening and treatment is warranted.
  • Early detection and management are critical for improving maternal and infant health outcomes.