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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
15:04

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2018

[Hallux rigidus].

J Götz1, J Grifka, M Handel

  • 1Orthopädische Klinik, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Universität Regensburg, Kaiser-Karl-V. Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Deutschland. Juergen-Goetz@gmx.de

Der Orthopade
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hallux rigidus, or osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, causes painful stiffness. Treatment ranges from conservative methods to surgical interventions like cheilectomy, arthrodesis, or arthroplasty, depending on the condition's severity.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
15:04

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Podiatry
  • Sports Medicine

Context:

  • Hallux rigidus, osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, presents with painful motion limitation and joint stiffness.
  • Conservative treatments include pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and orthotic devices such as insoles and footwear modifications.
  • Surgical options are considered when conservative treatments are exhausted, tailored to disease stage, patient activity, and comorbidities.

Purpose:

  • To review the current treatment strategies for hallux rigidus.
  • To outline the progression of treatment from conservative to surgical interventions.
  • To discuss the indications for various surgical techniques based on hallux rigidus severity.

Summary:

  • Early-stage hallux rigidus can be managed with open or arthroscopic procedures focusing on cartilage and cheilectomy.
  • Advanced stages necessitate more extensive surgeries like the Bonney-Kessel or Watermann-Green procedures.
  • Arthrodesis is the gold standard for severe hallux rigidus, though arthroplasty and resection arthroplasty are viable alternatives.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of hallux rigidus management.
  • Guides clinicians in selecting appropriate treatments based on individual patient factors.
  • Highlights the evolving landscape of surgical interventions for first MTP joint osteoarthritis.