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Progress in the development of human parainfluenza virus vaccines

Alexander C Schmidt1, Anne Schaap-Nutt, Emmalene J Bartlett

  • 1RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. schmidta@niaid.nih.gov

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine
|August 24, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) cause significant childhood respiratory illness. Live-attenuated intranasal vaccines for HPIV3 show promise in early trials, with HPIV1 and HPIV2 vaccines in development.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Vaccinology
  • Pediatric infectious diseases

Background:

  • Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are a leading cause of pediatric acute respiratory illness requiring hospitalization.
  • HPIVs rank second only to respiratory syncytial virus in this regard, preceding influenza viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of novel live-attenuated intranasal vaccines against HPIV serotypes 1, 2, and 3.
  • To advance vaccine candidates for HPIV3 into proof-of-concept trials based on promising Phase I data.

Main Methods:

  • Development of live-attenuated HPIV vaccines using reverse genetics systems for HPIV1, HPIV2, and HPIV3.
  • Clinical evaluation of intranasal vaccines in Phase I trials involving HPIV-seronegative infants and children.

Main Results:

  • Two HPIV3 vaccine candidates demonstrated good tolerability, infectivity, and immunogenicity in Phase I trials.
  • Vaccines targeting HPIV1 and HPIV2 are in earlier stages of development, having recently entered pediatric trials.

Conclusions:

  • Live-attenuated intranasal HPIV3 vaccines are safe and immunogenic in infants and children, warranting further clinical investigation.
  • Continued development of HPIV1 and HPIV2 vaccines is necessary to provide comprehensive protection against HPIV-associated respiratory diseases.

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