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Grouping patients for masseter muscle genotype-phenotype studies.

Hadwah Abdelmatloub Moawad1, Andrea C M Sinanan, Mark P Lewis

  • 1Riyadh Military Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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|August 24, 2011
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Summary

Facial classifications impact masseter muscle (MM) gene expression interpretation. Prognathic and retrognathic phenotypes show distinct MM gene expression, advising against grouping them together.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Craniofacial Biology

Background:

  • Facial morphology is influenced by various genetic and environmental factors.
  • Masseter muscle (MM) gene expression can vary based on facial phenotype.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for genetic and craniofacial studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of different facial classifications on masseter muscle (MM) gene expression.
  • To determine if vertical, horizontal, or combined facial criteria affect MM gene expression interpretation.
  • To assess the suitability of current facial classifications for genetic studies.

Main Methods:

  • Collected MM biopsies from 29 patients with diverse facial phenotypes (age 16-36).
  • Classified patients using basic vertical, basic horizontal, and combined facial criteria.
  • Quantified gene expression of myosin heavy chain genes (MYH1, MYH2, MYH3, MYH6, MYH7, MYH8) via RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • No significant MYH gene differences were found between long face and average vertical groups using basic vertical classification.
  • MYH3, MYH6, and MYH7 genes were upregulated in retrognathic patients compared to prognathic and average horizontal groups.
  • MYH7 gene was significantly upregulated in retrognathic long face patients compared to other groups.

Conclusions:

  • Basic vertical or horizontal facial classifications alone may be insufficient for genetics-based facial phenotype studies.
  • Prognathic and retrognathic facial phenotypes exhibit distinct MM gene expression patterns.
  • Combining prognathic and retrognathic phenotypes is not recommended due to differing MM gene expression, even with similar vertical phenotypes.