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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Spintronics in antiferromagnets.

Yeong-Ah Soh1, Ravi K Kummamuru

  • 1Department of Materials, Imperial College London, , London SW7 2AZ, UK. ya.soh@imperial.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|August 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antiferromagnetic spin arrangements in chromium directly impact electrical properties. Thermal hysteresis observed in spin-density waves correlates with changes in resistivity, revealing a link between spin order and transport.

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Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
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Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

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Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
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Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Magnetic domain walls are crucial in ferromagnets for electrical and spintronic properties.
  • Antiferromagnetic materials have received less attention due to challenges in detection and understanding their domain effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrical properties of chromium, an elemental antiferromagnet.
  • To understand how the arrangement of antiferromagnetic spins influences transport properties.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray diffraction was used to measure the modulation wavevector (Q) of the incommensurate antiferromagnetic spin-density wave.
  • Electrical resistivity (longitudinal and Hall) was measured across a temperature range to observe thermal hysteresis.

Main Results:

  • Thermal hysteresis was observed in the modulation wavevector (Q), with larger wavelengths during cooling than warming.
  • This hysteresis in Q was accompanied by hysteresis in longitudinal and Hall resistivity.
  • A larger wavelength correlated with smaller carrier density or a larger antiferromagnetic ordering parameter.

Conclusions:

  • The arrangement of antiferromagnetic spins in chromium directly influences its electrical transport properties.
  • Thermal hysteresis in spin-density waves is linked to changes in resistivity, highlighting the importance of spin order in antiferromagnets.