Facial melanoses: Indian perspective

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Cosmetic Science

Background:

• Facial melanoses (FM) are prevalent in Indian populations, leading to significant cosmetic concerns and psychological distress.
• Common causes include melasma, Riehl's melanosis, Lichen planus pigmentosus, erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP), erythrosis, and poikiloderma of Civatte, often with overlapping clinical features.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical presentation, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of facial melanoses in Indian patients.
• To highlight the challenges posed by overlapping features and unknown etiologies in managing FM.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of facial melanoses, focusing on Indian patient data.
• Analysis of diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities, including topical agents and physical therapies.

Main Results:

• Diagnosis of FM is primarily clinical, despite overlapping features among various conditions.
• Treatment strategies encompass eliminating aggravating factors, rigorous photoprotection, and pigment reduction using agents like hydroquinone (HQ), azelaic acid, kojic acid, and glycolic acid.
• Physical treatments such as chemical peels, lasers, and dermabrasion are also key therapeutic options.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of facial melanoses requires a comprehensive approach addressing causative factors and employing appropriate depigmenting treatments.
• Further research into the etiology of FM may lead to more targeted and effective therapeutic interventions.