Imaging and interventions in Budd-Chiari syndrome
Amar Mukund1, Shivanand Gamanagatti
1Amar Mukund, Department of Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
World Journal of Radiology
|August 24, 2011
Summary
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) involves hepatic venous outflow obstruction, causing portal hypertension. Management now includes advanced radiological interventions alongside traditional surgery and transplantation.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Vascular Medicine
- Interventional Radiology
Background:
- Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is characterized by hepatic venous outflow obstruction.
- This obstruction leads to elevated hepatic sinusoidal pressure and portal hypertension.
- BCS presents clinically in acute and chronic forms, often with ascites and hepatomegaly.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of imaging findings in BCS.
- To detail interventional techniques used in BCS management.
- To discuss the evolving management strategies for BCS.
Main Methods:
- Review of imaging modalities for BCS diagnosis.
- Description of interventional radiological procedures.
- Analysis of surgical and transplantation options.
Main Results:
- Imaging reveals key features like liver enlargement, thrombosed hepatic veins (HV), and inferior vena cava (IVC) abnormalities.
- Interventional techniques offer alternatives to surgery for many BCS patients.
- Management is tailored based on disease form and patient suitability for interventions.
Conclusions:
- Advances in interventional radiology have significantly altered BCS management protocols.
- Radiological interventions are preferred when feasible, reserving surgery for specific cases.
- Liver transplantation remains an option for acute liver failure in BCS.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
01:20Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
01:26Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
01:22Portal Hypertension
Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system. Normally, this pressure is less than 5 mmHg. It is considered clinically significant when it rises above 10 mmHg. At this threshold, complications from altered blood flow and venous congestion emerge.EtiologyPortal hypertension arises from conditions that impede blood flow through the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, in which chronic liver injury leads to fibrotic scarring. This fibrosis narrows or...
01:29Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
01:17Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...