Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Solubility-Permeability-Matrix Interplay in Percutaneous Absorption Exemplified by Theophylline.

AAPS PharmSciTech·2026
Same author

Hypoxia-induced conversion of sensory Schwann cells into repair cells is regulated by HDAC8.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 fosters developmental myelination in the mouse central and peripheral nervous system.

Glia·2024
Same author

Nuclease-Resistant L-DNA Tension Probes Enable Long-Term Force Mapping of Single Cells and Cell Consortia.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2024
Same author

Schwann Cell Development and Myelination.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology·2024
Same author

NECAB2 is an endosomal protein important for striatal function.

Free radical biology & medicine·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
09:43

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

Published on: November 30, 2018

How histone deacetylases control myelination.

Claire Jacob1, Frédéric Lebrun-Julien, Ueli Suter

  • 1Department of Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, ETH-Hönggerberg, HPM E39, Schafmattstrasse 18, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. claire.jacob@cell.biol.ethz.ch

Molecular Neurobiology
|August 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Histone deacetylation regulates myelination, a crucial process for nerve function. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms in glial cells aids in developing therapies for demyelinating diseases.

More Related Videos

Quantification of Global Histone Post Translational Modifications Using Intranuclear Flow Cytometry in Isolated Mouse Brain Microglia
07:10

Quantification of Global Histone Post Translational Modifications Using Intranuclear Flow Cytometry in Isolated Mouse Brain Microglia

Published on: September 15, 2023

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
09:43

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

Published on: November 30, 2018

Quantification of Global Histone Post Translational Modifications Using Intranuclear Flow Cytometry in Isolated Mouse Brain Microglia
07:10

Quantification of Global Histone Post Translational Modifications Using Intranuclear Flow Cytometry in Isolated Mouse Brain Microglia

Published on: September 15, 2023

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Myelinated axons facilitate rapid nerve impulse conduction through a symbiotic relationship between axons and myelinating glial cells.
  • Demyelination, caused by neurodegenerative diseases or injury, leads to significant motor and cognitive impairments.
  • Understanding myelination is vital for developing effective nervous system regeneration therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review examines the role of epigenetic regulation, specifically histone deacetylation, in myelination.
  • It focuses on the functions of histone deacetylases in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on epigenetic mechanisms in myelination.
  • Analysis of histone deacetylation and histone deacetylase functions in glial cells.

Main Results:

  • Histone deacetylation is a key epigenetic mechanism controlling gene expression in myelinating glial cells.
  • Histone deacetylases play critical roles in regulating myelination in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation, particularly via histone deacetylation, is fundamental to myelination.
  • Targeting histone deacetylase functions offers potential therapeutic strategies for demyelinating conditions and nervous system repair.