Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anastomoses

Anastomoses

In human anatomy, anastomosis refers to a connection or opening between two things, particularly between blood vessels or other tubular structures. The term is derived from the Greek term 'anastomosis,' which means 'outlet' or 'opening.' This natural network of connections plays a critical role in the survival and functionality of the human body.
Anastomoses can be formed at arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessels.
Arterial Anastomosis: These occur between arteries. They are most common in...

Arteries and Arterioles

Arteries and Arterioles

Arteries, the vasculature responsible for transporting blood from the heart, possess robust walls capable of enduring the elevated pressures exerted by the heartbeat. Arteries near the heart are especially thick-walled and enriched with elastic fibers across their three tunics, classifying them as elastic or conducting arteries. These arteries, usually with a diameter exceeding 10 mm, are characterized by their ability to dilate in response to the blood pumped from the heart's ventricles and...

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...

The Arch of Aorta

The Arch of Aorta

The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...

Coronary Circulation

Coronary Circulation

The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Monosialoganglioside-Containing Nanoliposomes Protect Against Acute and Chronic Ischemic Stroke Injury.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026

Same author

Antenatal betamethasone impairs markers of cardiac development and function in near-term lambs.

Experimental physiology·2025

Same author

Estimated Effects of Comorbidities on Risk of All-cause Dementia in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Sage open aging·2025

Same author

Medin induces pro-inflammatory activation of human brain vascular smooth muscle cells.

Physiological reports·2025

Same author

Elevated cortisol concentration in preterm sheep fetuses impacts heart development.

Experimental physiology·2025

Same author

Development of an electroconductive Heart-on-a-chip model to investigate cellular and molecular response of human cardiac tissue to gold nanomaterials.

Biomaterials·2025

Same journal

Understanding basic muscle electrophysiology while keeping an eye on diseases of the heart, lung and blood.

Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery·2015

Same journal

Specific antidotes in development for reversal of novel anticoagulants: a review.

Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery·2014

Same journal

Pulmonary hypertension in the perioperative period-focus on current and emerging therapies.

Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery·2014

Same journal

Beta-blockers in the management of coronary artery disease: are we on the verge of a new paradigm shift?

Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery·2014

Same journal

Ticagrelor: a novel drug for an old problem.

Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery·2014

Same journal

Blockade of renin angiotensin system in heart failure post-myocardial infarction: what is the best therapy?

Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery·2014

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

Published on: April 24, 2017

Growing collateral arteries on demand.

Charles C Oh¹, Jason D Klein, Raymond Q Migrino

¹Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix AZ 85022, USA. charles.oh@va.gov

Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery

|August 25, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Therapies targeting arteriogenesis, the growth of collateral arteries, show promise for ischemic diseases. Increased shear stress activates platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) and the Rho pathway, crucial for this process.

More Related Videos

Assessing Therapeutic Angiogenesis in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia

Assessing Therapeutic Angiogenesis in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia

Published on: June 8, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

Published on: April 24, 2017

Assessing Therapeutic Angiogenesis in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia

Assessing Therapeutic Angiogenesis in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia

Published on: June 8, 2019

Area of Science:

Vascular Biology
Molecular Medicine
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Arteriogenesis, the formation of new collateral arteries, is a critical process for restoring blood flow in ischemic conditions.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms triggering arteriogenesis is key to developing new therapies for ischemic diseases.
Shear stress on the endothelium is a primary initiator of arteriogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) and the Rho pathway in shear stress-induced arteriogenesis.
To explore the potential of Actin-binding Rho protein (Abra) as a therapeutic target for enhancing collateral artery formation.

Main Methods:

Studied the effect of increased shear stress on endothelial cells, focusing on PECAM-1 phosphorylation.
Investigated the involvement of the Rho pathway in the arteriogenic response.
Examined the impact of overexpressing Actin-binding Rho protein (Abra) on collateral perfusion in an ischemic model.

Main Results:

Increased shear stress leads to tyrosine-phosphorylation of PECAM-1, suggesting its role as a mechanoreceptor.
The Rho pathway is activated early and is essential for the arteriogenic response to shear stress.
Overexpression of Abra resulted in a significant increase (60%) in collateral perfusion.

Conclusions:

PECAM-1 and the Rho pathway are critical mediators of shear stress-induced arteriogenesis.
Abra represents a promising therapeutic target for promoting collateral artery growth in ischemic vascular disease.
The findings suggest a future where therapeutic arteriogenesis could effectively treat ischemic conditions.