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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle with...
Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant01:26

Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant

Narcissistic and avoidant personality traits represent two contrasting patterns of behavior that significantly influence social interactions and self-perception. While individuals with narcissistic disorder seek admiration and validation, individuals with avoidant personality disorder withdraw due to fear of judgment.
Characteristics of Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic individuals exhibit an inflated sense of self-importance and an excessive need for admiration. They are often...
Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic01:20

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

Schizotypal personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder are two distinct psychological conditions classified under personality disorders, each characterized by unique behavioral patterns and social difficulties. Both disorders significantly affect interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being, leading to social isolation and frustration.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by odd or eccentric...
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

Concordance between personality disorder assessment methods.

G Nestadt1, C Di, J F Samuels

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. gnestadt@jhmi.edu

Psychological Medicine
|August 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Agreement between personality disorder (PD) assessment methods is low. However, advanced statistical analysis reveals moderate confidence in measuring PD constructs, suggesting criteria groups are more diagnostic than individual items.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Published on: March 8, 2018

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychometrics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Low agreement between personality disorder (PD) assessment methods is a significant concern for research and clinical practice.
  • Existing diagnostic tools for PDs show variability in results, impacting diagnostic reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the concordance between two personality disorder assessment tools: the Personality Disorder Schedule (PDS) and the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE).
  • To compare standard concordance measures with advanced statistical approaches accounting for measurement error.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 742 participants in the Hopkins Epidemiology of Personality Disorders Study (HEPS).
  • Assessed participants twice using PDS and IPDE, employing standard methods (ICC, κ, OR) and item response theory (IRT) based approaches (latent trait, GEE).

Main Results:

  • Standard methods indicated poor concordance for individual PD criteria.
  • Advanced statistical methods adjusting for measurement error showed moderate to high concordance for most PD constructs.
  • PDS demonstrated lower trait prevalence but higher measurement precision compared to IPDE.

Conclusions:

  • While raw agreement on individual PD criteria is low, statistical adjustments suggest moderate confidence in measuring PD constructs.
  • The findings imply that PD criteria groups are more effective for diagnosis than individual criteria alone.
  • The study highlights the importance of advanced statistical methods in accurately assessing personality disorder diagnoses.