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Related Concept Videos

DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

RNA helicases and remodeling proteins.

Anna Marie Pyle1

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 0652, USA. anna.pyle@yale.edu

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|August 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

RNA remodeling proteins are crucial motor proteins controlling RNA stability and metabolism. Recent studies reveal mechanisms of ATP hydrolysis, cofactor regulation, and new functions for these essential cellular machines.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Structural biology

Background:

  • RNA molecules are central to cellular metabolism.
  • RNA remodeling proteins, acting as motor proteins, regulate RNA conformation and stability.
  • Understanding these proteins is key to comprehending cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in the structure and function of major RNA remodeling protein families.
  • To elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying RNA remodeling.
  • To highlight novel functions and regulatory principles of these proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of structural and functional studies on RNA remodeling proteins.
  • Integration of data on ATP hydrolysis, cofactor interactions, and protein function.

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Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase
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Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase

Published on: September 27, 2024

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
11:40

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Published on: June 25, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase
07:37

Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase

Published on: September 27, 2024

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
11:40

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Published on: June 25, 2013

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of three protein families: hexameric ring proteins, processive monomeric RNA translocases/helicases, and DEAD-box proteins.
  • Elucidation of molecular mechanisms coupling ATP hydrolysis with RNA unwinding.
  • Identification of the physical basis for regulatory control by cofactors.
  • Discovery of novel functions for RNA remodeling proteins.

Conclusions:

  • RNA remodeling proteins are diverse and essential for cellular metabolism.
  • Significant progress has been made in understanding their structure, function, and regulation.
  • Future research will likely uncover more about their roles in health and disease.