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Updated: May 30, 2026

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
Published on: October 27, 2020
TGF-β/SMAD/GLI2 signaling axis in cancer progression and metastasis
Delphine Javelaud1, Vasileia I Alexaki, Sylviane Dennler
1Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, France.
Abstract:
The Hedgehog (HH) and TGF-β signaling pathways represent essential regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation during embryogenesis. Pathway deregulation is a characteristic of various cancers. Recently, evidence for a convergence of these pathways at the level of the GLI2 transcription factor in the context of tumor initiation and progression to metastasis has emerged. This short review summarizes recent knowledge about GLI2 function and mechanisms of action downstream of TGF-β in cancer.
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