Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Structural Protein Function

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity. In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...

Fibrous Proteins

Fibrous Proteins

Fibrous proteins are either long and narrow proteins or assemble to form long and thin structures. They contain repetitive units and usually consist of either alpha helices or beta sheets and, in rare cases, a mix of both. The amino acids in the primary structure often consist of repeating amino acid sequences. The role of fibrous proteins is primarily structural. Many are located in the extracellular matrix and are present in connective tissues to impart strength and joint mobility. They are...

Protein Families

Protein Families

Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism. Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members. If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...

Integrins

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...

Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM

Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM

Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix of embryogenic and adult tissue. These molecules primarily aid in regulating cell motility and attachment. A fibronectin molecule is composed of two identical polypeptide chains attached to each other by a pair of disulfide bonds at the C-terminal.
Both proteoglycans and collagen are attached to fibronectin proteins, which, in turn, are attached to integrin proteins. These integrin proteins interact with transmembrane...

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Catestatin restores cardiac metabolic flexibility and enhances mitochondrial function.

Communications biology·2026

Same author

Catestatin peptide impedes melanoma progression and drug resistance by reprogramming oncogenic signaling pathways.

Oncogenesis·2026

Same author

Complement 3a Receptor mediates high fat diet induced hypothalamic accumulation of lipid associated microglia to regulate neuroinflammation and obesity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

AI guided discovery of a murine model of asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease.

Acta neuropathologica communications·2026

Same author

Revisiting the social frailty index in aging adults: relevance and implications for an emerging construct.

GeroScience·2026

Same author

Social and clinical frailty indices in aging mice: a comparative analysis of longitudinal and cross-sectional designs.

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin

Published on: January 17, 2012

The extended granin family: structure, function, and biomedical implications.

Alessandro Bartolomucci¹, Roberta Possenti, Sushil K Mahata

¹Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.

Endocrine Reviews

|August 25, 2011

Summary

The granin family proteins are crucial for regulated secretion and vesicle biogenesis. Their derived peptides play key roles in metabolism, behavior, and blood pressure, offering potential as disease biomarkers.

More Related Videos

Establishment of a Surgically-induced Model in Mice to Investigate the Protective Role of Progranulin in Osteoarthritis

Establishment of a Surgically-induced Model in Mice to Investigate the Protective Role of Progranulin in Osteoarthritis

Published on: February 25, 2014

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Published on: May 12, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin

Modified Yeast-Two-Hybrid System to Identify Proteins Interacting with the Growth Factor Progranulin

Published on: January 17, 2012

Establishment of a Surgically-induced Model in Mice to Investigate the Protective Role of Progranulin in Osteoarthritis

Establishment of a Surgically-induced Model in Mice to Investigate the Protective Role of Progranulin in Osteoarthritis

Published on: February 25, 2014

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Published on: May 12, 2017

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Genetics

Background:

The granin family, including chromogranins and secretogranins, are key components of the regulated secretory pathway.
This pathway controls the release of essential peptides, hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the structure and function of granins and their derived peptides.
To present new genetic evidence supporting their role in vesicle biogenesis and secretion.
To highlight their involvement in physiological processes and potential as biomarkers.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on granin family proteins.
Analysis of genetic evidence, including SNP mapping and genomic comparisons.
Examination of data from transgenic and knockout mouse models.

Main Results:

Granins are essential for large dense-core vesicle biogenesis and regulated secretion.
Processed granin peptides significantly influence metabolic homeostasis, emotional behavior, pain pathways, and blood pressure.
Genetic evidence confirms an evolutionarily conserved role for granins.

Conclusions:

Granins and their derived peptides are fundamental to regulated secretion and have diverse physiological functions.
These proteins and peptides represent promising candidates for novel disease biomarkers.