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Related Concept Videos

Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
Coping Strategies: Problem Focused01:27

Coping Strategies: Problem Focused

Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and anaphylaxis:...
Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused01:20

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused

Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed to...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

Avoidant coping in panic disorder: a yohimbine biological challenge study.

Johanna S Kaplan1, Diane B Arnkoff, Carol R Glass

  • 1Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA. johannaskaplan@gmail.com

Anxiety, Stress, and Coping
|August 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Patients with panic disorder (PD) who use avoidance coping strategies and fear anxiety symptoms experience more severe panic during a yohimbine challenge. This highlights avoidance and fear as key factors in panic symptom development.

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Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the link between avoidance coping and panic disorder development.
  • Understanding factors contributing to panic symptom severity is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between avoidance-oriented coping strategies and panic symptom severity in patients with panic disorder.
  • To examine the role of fear of specific anxiety symptoms in panic responses.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, placebo-controlled yohimbine challenge study.
  • Involved 42 participants: 20 healthy controls and 22 patients with panic disorder (PD).
  • Collected self-report, clinician-rated, and physiological data.

Main Results:

  • Patients with PD perceiving avoidance strategies as effective reported increased panic severity during the yohimbine challenge.
  • Greater fear of cognitive dyscontrol, cardiovascular symptoms, and public anxiety correlated with higher panic severity in PD patients.
  • Healthy controls with fear of cardiovascular symptoms also showed increased panic severity.

Conclusions:

  • Avoidance-oriented coping strategies may be a risk and maintenance factor for panic symptoms in PD.
  • Fear of anxiety-related symptoms plays a significant role in the development of panic.
  • Findings support the utility of a biological challenge model in studying panic disorder.