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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice
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Published on: November 1, 2015

B cell modulation strategies in autoimmunity: the SLE example.

M Manuela Rosado1, Andrea Picchianti Diamanti, Federica Capolunghi

  • 1Research Center, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (IRCCS), Piazza S.Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy. mmanuela.rosado@opbg.net

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|August 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

B-lymphocytes are increasingly recognized as key players in autoimmune diseases, prompting the development of targeted therapies. New treatments focusing on B-cell pathways offer personalized options beyond conventional immunosuppression.

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Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice
12:04

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Published on: November 1, 2015

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:55

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Therapeutics

Background:

  • The role of T cells in autoimmune diseases is being re-evaluated, with growing evidence implicating B-lymphocytes.
  • B-cell subsets exhibit diverse functions in autoimmunity, including antibody secretion, cytokine production, antigen presentation, and ectopic germinal center formation.
  • Conventional immunosuppressive therapies (e.g., azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate) lack specificity, causing significant side effects and potential treatment refractoriness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the evolving understanding of B-cell involvement in autoimmune disorders.
  • To discuss the limitations of current broad-spectrum immunosuppressive treatments.
  • To introduce novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific B-cell pathways and toll-like receptor (TLR) activation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current immunological research on B-cell subsets in autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of conventional immunosuppressive drug mechanisms and limitations.
  • Exploration of emerging therapeutic approaches, including monoclonal antibodies and TLR/MyD88 pathway inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • B-cells play multifaceted roles in the initiation, exacerbation, and maintenance of autoimmune conditions.
  • Non-specific immunosuppression leads to considerable side effects and may be ineffective in some patients.
  • Targeted therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and TLR pathway modulators, offer promising alternatives for personalized autoimmune disease management.

Conclusions:

  • B-cell targeted therapies represent a paradigm shift in treating autoimmune diseases.
  • Precision medicine approaches, tailored to specific B-cell subsets or pathways, hold potential for improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
  • Further research into B-cell biology and targeted interventions is crucial for advancing autoimmune disease treatment.