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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
04:38

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

Published on: May 22, 2019

Twelve-month mortality among delirium subtypes.

Susan K DeCrane1, Kennith R Culp, Bonnie Wakefield

  • 1Purdue University School of Nursing, 502 North University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2069, USA. sdecrane@purdue.edu

Clinical Nursing Research
|August 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study found no significant difference in mortality risk among elderly individuals with different types of delirium. However, careful monitoring of patients with delirium is crucial to prevent complications that could increase mortality.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
04:38

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

Published on: May 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Delirium is a common complication in older adults, particularly in long-term care settings.
  • Understanding the relationship between delirium subtypes and mortality is essential for clinical practice.
  • Previous research has explored delirium's impact, but specific mortality risk ratios for subtypes require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine mortality risk among elderly individuals in long-term care facilities based on delirium classification.
  • To investigate the association between different delirium subtypes (hypoactive, hyperactive, mixed, subsyndromal) and mortality.
  • To identify potential clinical differences in underlying causes of death among delirium subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Delirium Among the Elderly in Rural Long-Term Care Facilities Study and the National Death Index (NDI).
  • Classified 320 individuals into noncases, subsyndromal cases, hypoactive delirium, hyperactive delirium, and mixed delirium using validated instruments (CAM, NEECHAM, MMSE, CAC-A, Vigilance A).
  • Calculated risk ratios for mortality using "days of survival" and analyzed underlying causes of death (ICD-10).

Main Results:

  • Mortality risk ratios did not reach statistical significance (α = .05) for any delirium subgroup when analyzed by "days of survival."
  • Underlying causes of death were typical for older adults, but clinical differences were observed between delirium subgroups.
  • No statistically significant increased mortality risk was directly linked to specific delirium subtypes in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • While specific delirium subtypes did not show a statistically significant increased mortality risk, clinical differences in causes of death were noted.
  • Findings underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring for patients experiencing delirium and subsyndromal delirium.
  • Proactive patient monitoring is recommended to prevent complications and injuries that could potentially elevate mortality rates.