Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2026

High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum
Published on: November 23, 2013
Analysis of relapses in anti-NMDAR encephalitis
1Center for Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
Relapses of anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis are common and can occur years later, often presenting with partial or isolated symptoms. Early immunotherapy for NMDAR encephalitis can reduce the risk of these relapses.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Neuroimmunology
Background:
- Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe autoimmune neurological disorder.
- The clinical characteristics and outcomes of relapsing anti-NMDAR encephalitis are not well-defined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report the clinical profile and outcomes of relapses in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
- To identify factors influencing relapse risk and presentation.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 25 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
- Defined relapses as new neurological or psychiatric syndromes improving with immunotherapy or spontaneously.
Main Results:
- 13 relapses occurred in 6 patients over a median of 2 years.
- Relapse risk was higher in patients not receiving immunotherapy during the first episode (p=0.009).
- Common relapse symptoms included speech dysfunction (61%), psychiatric issues (54%), and seizures (31%).
Conclusions:
- Relapses are common (24%) in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, potentially occurring years after the initial episode.
- Relapses can present with partial or isolated symptoms, and immunotherapy in the first episode reduces relapse risk.
- Relapses did not significantly worsen residual deficits.
More Related Videos
07:20A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor in Blood
Published on: January 9, 2018
10:46A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
Published on: December 9, 2015
Related Concept Videos
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology
Encephalitis l: Introduction
Arboviral Encephalitis