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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...

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Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution
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Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution

Published on: January 16, 2017

Emissive RNA alphabet.

Dongwon Shin1, Renatus W Sinkeldam, Yitzhak Tor

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists created a new fluorescent ribonucleoside alphabet using thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine. These emissive nucleoside surrogates show high quantum yield and environmental responsiveness, unlike native nucleosides.

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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Published on: July 28, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic organic chemistry
  • Biophysical chemistry
  • Nucleoside chemistry

Background:

  • Native nucleosides lack inherent fluorescence, limiting their use in certain biological and chemical applications.
  • Development of fluorescent probes is crucial for advanced molecular imaging and diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel set of fluorescent ribonucleoside analogues.
  • To characterize their structural, biophysical, and photophysical properties.
  • To assess their potential as isomorphic surrogates for native nucleosides.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine-derived purine and pyrimidine analogues.
  • Structural and biophysical analyses (e.g., NMR, X-ray crystallography, melting point analysis).
  • Photophysical characterization (e.g., absorption/emission spectra, quantum yield determination, fluorescence lifetime measurements).

Main Results:

  • A complete set of fluorescent ribonucleosides, (th)A, (th)G, (th)U, and (th)C, was synthesized.
  • These analogues were confirmed as isomorphic nucleoside surrogates through structural and biophysical studies.
  • Photophysical analysis revealed desirable properties: visible emission, high quantum yields, and sensitivity to environmental changes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fluorescent ribonucleoside alphabet provides valuable tools for biochemical and biophysical research.
  • These analogues serve as effective fluorescent replacements for native nucleosides in various applications.
  • The unique photophysical properties offer new avenues for sensing and imaging in biological systems.