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Spin relaxation in single-layer and bilayer graphene.

Wei Han1, R K Kawakami

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Single-layer graphene (SLG) shows Elliot-Yafet spin relaxation, while bilayer graphene (BLG) exhibits Dyakonov-Perel spin relaxation due to differences in screening and surface sensitivity. This study reveals contrasting spin dynamics in graphene layers.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Spin relaxation mechanisms are crucial for spintronic device functionality.
  • Graphene's unique electronic properties make it a promising material for spintronics.
  • Understanding spin relaxation in single-layer graphene (SLG) and bilayer graphene (BLG) is essential for device optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare spin relaxation mechanisms in SLG and BLG.
  • To determine the dominant spin relaxation pathways in each type of graphene.
  • To elucidate the role of screening and surface sensitivity in spin relaxation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of spin relaxation in graphene spin valves.
  • Measurement of spin lifetime (τ(s)) and momentum scattering time (τ(p)).
  • Analysis of the dependence of τ(s) on carrier concentration in SLG and BLG.

Main Results:

  • SLG exhibits a linear relationship between τ(s) and τ(p), indicating dominant Elliot-Yafet (EY) spin relaxation.
  • BLG shows an inverse dependence between τ(s) and τ(p), suggesting dominant Dyakonov-Perel spin relaxation.
  • Enhanced screening and reduced surface sensitivity in BLG suppress impurity-induced EY spin relaxation.

Conclusions:

  • Spin relaxation mechanisms differ significantly between SLG and BLG.
  • Elliot-Yafet relaxation dominates in SLG, while Dyakonov-Perel relaxation prevails in BLG at low temperatures.
  • Graphene's structural properties critically influence spin dynamics, impacting spintronic applications.