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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

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Published on: December 4, 2017

Dense granular flow around a penetrating object: experiment and hydrodynamic model.

A Seguin¹, Y Bertho, P Gondret

¹Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris 6, CNRS, Lab FAST, Bâtiment 502, Campus Univ, F-91405 Orsay, France.

Physical Review Letters

|August 27, 2011

Summary

We studied fluid flow around a cylinder in dense granular matter. Drag force depends linearly on pressure and cylinder size, not velocity, at low granular Reynolds numbers.

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Area of Science:

Physics of granular materials
Fluid dynamics
Hydrodynamics

Background:

Understanding granular flow is crucial in various industrial and geological processes.
Characterizing the forces acting on objects within granular media is complex.
Existing models often struggle to accurately predict flow behavior in dense granular systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally investigate the bidimensional flow field around a cylinder penetrating dense granular matter.
To measure the drag force experienced by the cylinder.
To validate a hydrodynamic model based on extended kinetic theory for dense granular flow.

Main Methods:

Experimental setup for observing 2D flow patterns around a cylinder.
Drag force measurements during cylinder penetration.
Application of a hydrodynamic model using extended kinetic theory for dense granular flow.

Main Results:

Observed flow localization in the granular matter adjacent to the cylinder.
Drag force was found to be independent of velocity.
Drag force scaled linearly with pressure and cylinder diameter, and weakly with grain size.
The observed regime is valid at low granular Reynolds numbers.

Conclusions:

The extended kinetic theory-based hydrodynamic model accurately reproduces experimental flow localization and drag force scalings.
The drag force in this regime is primarily governed by pressure and geometry, not velocity.
This study provides a validated model for predicting forces in dense granular flows under specific conditions.