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Related Concept Videos

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
The Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

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The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

A Model Membrane Platform for Reconstituting Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics
10:31

A Model Membrane Platform for Reconstituting Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics

Published on: September 2, 2020

Diffuse interface model of multicomponent vesicle adhesion and fusion.

Yanxiang Zhao1, Qiang Du

  • 1Department of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. zhao@math.psu.edu

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models biological membrane fusion using a diffuse interface approach, revealing dynamic transitions between prefusion and postfusion states. The model incorporates vesicle mechanics and nonlocal adhesion for a comprehensive view of membrane fusion dynamics.

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Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions
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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Biological membrane fusion is crucial for cellular processes.
  • Existing models often focus only on regions of close contact.
  • Understanding the dynamics of vesicle fusion requires a comprehensive theoretical framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a diffuse interface model for biological membrane fusion.
  • To investigate prefusion and postfusion states of lipid bilayer vesicles.
  • To analyze the influence of physical parameters on the fusion process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Helfrich-type continuum theory.
  • Employing a scalar phase field function to describe phase changes.
  • Incorporating a nonlocal interaction potential for adhesion effects.
  • Performing simulations based on the gradient flow of an energy functional.

Main Results:

  • Equilibrium configurations in prefusion and postfusion states were examined.
  • The effects of spontaneous curvatures and rigidities on fusion were analyzed.
  • The model accounts for energetic contributions from entire vesicles, not just contact regions.

Conclusions:

  • The diffuse interface model provides a comprehensive framework for studying membrane fusion.
  • Simulations elucidate the dynamic transitions between prefusion and postfusion states.
  • The approach offers new insights into the physical mechanisms governing vesicle fusion.