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Related Concept Videos

Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Southern Blot02:57

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

DNA Sequence Recognition by DNA Primase Using High-Throughput Primase Profiling
08:04

DNA Sequence Recognition by DNA Primase Using High-Throughput Primase Profiling

Published on: October 8, 2019

Recognizing nucleotides by cross-tunneling currents for DNA sequencing.

V M K Bagci1, Chao-Cheng Kaun

  • 1Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates a novel gold electrode setup for precise electron transport analysis of nucleotides. This method enhances nucleotide selectivity, enabling accurate recognition even with background noise.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational physics
  • Molecular electronics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Electron transport through DNA and RNA is crucial for understanding biological processes and developing molecular electronics.
  • Current methods for nucleotide identification face challenges with selectivity and noise interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate electron transport through nucleotides within a specifically designed nanogap.
  • To enhance the selectivity of tunneling signals for accurate nucleotide recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing first-principles calculations to simulate electron transport.
  • Employing a rectangular nanogap with gold electrodes positioned perpendicularly and parallel to the nucleobase plane.

Main Results:

  • The proposed electrode configuration significantly enhances nucleotide selectivity in tunneling signals.
  • Three distinct electrical probing processes provide comprehensive nucleotide recognition.
  • The recognition signals remain robust against noise from neighboring nucleotides and conformational changes.

Conclusions:

  • This first-principles study presents a promising approach for highly selective nucleotide identification using electron transport.
  • The developed nanogap electrode setup offers a pathway towards reliable molecular recognition in complex biological environments.