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Updated: May 29, 2026

A Method for Studying the Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Fracture and Fragmentation
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Published on: June 28, 2015

Two-phase flow in a rough fracture: experiment and modeling.

M Ferer1, Dustin Crandall, Goodarz Ahmadi

  • 1US DOE, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, West Virginia 26507-0880, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel method for modeling two-phase flow in fractures, ensuring experimental and computational models used identical fracture representations. This approach significantly improved agreement between simulation and real-world results, highlighting the importance of high-resolution fracture data in flow modeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Porous Media Physics

Background:

  • Accurate modeling of two-phase flow through natural fractures is crucial for various applications, including hydrology and petroleum engineering.
  • Previous studies often reported discrepancies between experimental and computational results due to differences in fracture geometry resolution between the physical model and its numerical representation.
  • Small-scale fracture features, often lost during the imaging and modeling process, can significantly influence fluid flow patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate theory-based procedures for modeling two-phase flow in fractures by ensuring experimental and computational models represent the exact same fracture.
  • To investigate the impact of fracture resolution on the accuracy of two-phase flow simulations.
  • To compare computational modeling results with experimental data obtained from a stereolithographically constructed fracture that precisely matches the numerical model.

Main Methods:

  • A stereolithographic technique was used to create a physical fracture model from the same digital representation used for computational modeling.
  • Two-phase flow (air injection into a water-saturated fracture) was simulated using computational models.
  • Experimental data for air injection into the identical, manufactured fracture were collected.
  • Computational results were compared with experimental data to assess the agreement and identify the best-suited modeling approach.

Main Results:

  • A significantly better detailed agreement was achieved between modeling and experimental results when using identical fracture representations compared to studies using lower-resolution models.
  • The study demonstrated that differences in fracture geometry between experimental and modeling setups were a major source of discrepancies in previous research.
  • For low capillary-number flows, a modified invasion percolation with trapping (IPwt) model, incorporating approximations for viscosity ratio and interfacial tension effects, provided the best match with experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • Using identical fracture representations in both experimental and computational studies is essential for accurate validation of two-phase flow models.
  • The resolution of fracture geometry significantly impacts the simulation of fluid flow, underscoring the need for high-fidelity models.
  • A modified IPwt model offers a promising approach for simulating two-phase flow in fractures, particularly when accounting for fluid property effects at low capillary numbers.