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Dose-response relationships for topically applied antigens.

H C Eun1, R Marks

  • 1Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, U.K.

The British Journal of Dermatology
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Pulsed ultrasound and laser-Doppler flowmetry accurately measured skin reactions to nickel and chrome in allergic contact dermatitis patients. These methods show promise for diagnosing doubtful patch-test reactions and in sensitization studies.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) diagnosis relies on patch testing.
  • Doubtful patch-test reactions can complicate ACD diagnosis.
  • Objective biophysical measurements may enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate pulsed A-scan ultrasound and laser-Doppler flowmetry for assessing patch-test responses.
  • To correlate objective measurements with clinical scoring in nickel and chrome sensitivity.
  • To determine the utility of these techniques in diagnosing ACD.

Main Methods:

  • Patients with known nickel and chrome sensitivity underwent patch testing with serially diluted antigens.
  • Pulsed A-scan ultrasound measured skin thickness changes.

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  • Laser-Doppler flowmetry assessed blood flow.
  • Clinical scoring was used for comparison.

    • Main Results:

    • A clear relationship was observed between antigen dose and measured responses (skin thickness and blood flow).
    • Both ultrasound and laser-Doppler techniques demonstrated dose-dependent responses in sensitive patients.
    • These objective measures correlated with clinical assessments.

    Conclusions:

    • Pulsed ultrasound and laser-Doppler flowmetry are sensitive to antigen dose in allergic contact dermatitis.
    • These techniques may aid in diagnosing ACD, especially with doubtful patch-test results.
    • The methods show potential for use in experimental sensitization studies.