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Related Concept Videos

Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
Cell sorting plays an...
Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This diversity of cadherins...
Catenins01:23

Catenins

Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the adherens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices
07:44

Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices

Published on: October 6, 2017

Cadherin-9 regulates synapse-specific differentiation in the developing hippocampus.

Megan E Williams1, Scott A Wilke, Anthony Daggett

  • 1Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0366, USA.

Neuron
|August 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cadherin-9 is crucial for specific synapse formation between hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 neurons. This protein bidirectionally regulates the development of the DG-CA3 mossy fiber synapse, highlighting molecular cues in brain connections.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Understanding specific synapse formation mechanisms is limited.
  • The brain relies on precise neuronal connections for function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate synapse formation between hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 neurons.
  • Identify molecular regulators of DG-CA3 synapse development.

Main Methods:

  • Neuronal cultures to study synapse formation.
  • Cadherin-9 (CDH9) manipulation in DG and CA3 neurons.
  • In vivo studies of DG-CA3 mossy fiber synapse formation.

Main Results:

  • DG neurons preferentially synapse with CA3 neurons in culture.
  • Cadherin-9 is selectively expressed in DG and CA3 neurons.
  • Downregulation or loss of Cadherin-9 impairs DG-CA3 synapse number, size, and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Cadherin-9 plays a bidirectional role in DG-CA3 synapse development.
  • Differential molecular expression is critical for establishing specific neural connections.
  • This study elucidates a key mechanism in hippocampal circuit formation.