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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice

Published on: February 14, 2017

[Velocity vector imaging for left ventricular diastolic function assessment and the reference values].

Sheng-hui Li¹, Jian Liu, Dao-gang Zha

¹Department of Cardiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. lshhappy521@126.com

Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal of Southern Medical University

|August 27, 2011

Summary

Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) offers a reliable, non-invasive method to assess left ventricular diastolic function. This study establishes reference values for the E/E(m) ratio in healthy individuals, aiding clinical diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Medical Imaging
Physiology

Context:

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is a critical indicator of cardiac health.
Accurate, non-invasive assessment methods are essential for early diagnosis and management.
Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) is an emerging echocardiographic technique.

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) in assessing normal left ventricular diastolic function.
To determine and establish reference values for the E/E(m) ratio using VVI in a healthy cohort.
To validate VVI as a reliable tool for clinical evaluation of diastolic function.

Summary:

This study utilized Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) on 97 healthy subjects to measure myocardial early diastolic velocity (E) and mean diastolic velocity (E(m)) at the mitral annulus level.
The E/E(m) ratio was calculated, yielding reference ranges for healthy males and females across different age groups.
Reference range for E/E(m) was (1, 22.935) overall, with specific ranges for males (1, 22.300) and females (1, 24.766).

Impact:

Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) proves to be an effective non-invasive technique for evaluating left ventricular diastolic function.
The established reference values provide a crucial benchmark for clinical interpretation of diastolic function.
This research supports the integration of VVI into routine clinical practice for accurate cardiac assessment.