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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Apoptotic Biomarkers in Actinomycin D-Treated SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells
13:53

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Apoptotic Biomarkers in Actinomycin D-Treated SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells

Published on: August 26, 2021

[Regulatory volume increase (RVI) and apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) in U937 cells placed into hyperosmotic medium].

V E Iurinskaia, A A Rubashkin, A V Shirokova

    Tsitologiia
    |August 30, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Regulatory cell volume increase (RVI) and apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) occur in U937 cells. AVD prevents osmotic lysis in apoptotic cells, challenging the view that RVI dysfunction initiates apoptosis.

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    Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
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    Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

    Published on: December 27, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 29, 2026

    Flow Cytometric Analysis of Apoptotic Biomarkers in Actinomycin D-Treated SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells
    13:53

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    Published on: August 26, 2021

    Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis
    08:08

    Monitoring the Effect of Osmotic Stress on Secretory Vesicles and Exocytosis

    Published on: February 19, 2018

    Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
    09:18

    Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

    Published on: December 27, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Cellular physiology
    • Apoptosis research
    • Ion transport mechanisms

    Context:

    • U937 cells were subjected to hyperosmolar conditions with 200 mM sucrose.
    • The study investigated the time course of intracellular water, potassium (K+), and sodium (Na+) changes.
    • Ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-resistant rubidium (Rb+) influxes were measured.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the interplay between regulatory cell volume increase (RVI) and apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) in U937 cells.
    • To determine the role of RVI and AVD in cellular response to osmotic stress.
    • To re-evaluate the established link between RVI dysfunction and apoptosis initiation.

    Summary:

    • Initial osmotic shrinkage triggered both RVI and AVD, with RVI dominant early and AVD later.
    • U937 cells demonstrated the capacity for apoptosis and AVD even with unimpaired RVI.
    • Microscopy using vital and apoptotic dyes confirmed these cellular responses.

    Impact:

    • Challenges the prevailing notion that RVI dysfunction is a prerequisite for apoptosis and AVD.
    • Suggests that apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) primarily functions to prevent osmotic lysis of apoptotic cells.
    • Provides new insights into the mechanisms regulating cell volume and survival during apoptosis.