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Omega-3 fatty acids do not improve endothelial function in virologically suppressed HIV-infected men: a randomized

Corrilynn O Hileman1, Teresa L Carman, Norma J Storer

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
|August 30, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Omega-3 fatty acids did not improve endothelial function in adults with HIV. While inflammation markers showed a slight improvement, overall cardiovascular disease risk factors were not significantly impacted.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality may be reduced by omega-3 fatty acids, potentially via anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
  • Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are implicated in the elevated CVD risk observed in individuals with HIV.
  • Stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for managing HIV but may contribute to cardiovascular complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on endothelial function and inflammation in HIV-infected adults with moderate CVD risk.
  • To determine if omega-3 supplementation can mitigate CVD risk factors in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted.
  • Participants received omega-3-acid ethyl esters (1g twice daily) or a placebo.
  • Key metrics included flow-mediated dilation (FMD), lipoproteins, and biomarkers for inflammation, endothelial activation, coagulation, and insulin resistance.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in the change of FMD were observed between the omega-3 and placebo groups.
  • Lipoprotein levels and most biomarkers did not differ between groups.
  • Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-I showed a trend favoring the omega-3 group, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory effect.

Conclusions:

  • Omega-3 fatty acids did not improve endothelial function, activation, coagulation, or insulin resistance in HIV-infected men on ART.
  • A tendency towards improved inflammation markers was noted, but not sufficient to counteract HIV-related and ART-associated risks.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids may not be potent enough to overcome the pro-inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction associated with HIV and its treatment.

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