Analysis of microtraces in invasive traumas using SEM/EDS

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Materials Science
• Anthropology

Background:

• Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) is a recognized forensic tool for trace evidence analysis.
• SEM/EDS has been applied to analyze tool mark morphology on bone, but associated microtraces are often overlooked.
• Microtraces on bone can provide crucial links between injuries and potential weapons.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the application of SEM/EDS for analyzing microtraces in sharp-force, blunt-force, and bone-hacking traumas.
• To demonstrate how SEM/EDS can aid in identifying unknown weapons by analyzing bone microtraces.
• To highlight the value of microtrace analysis in forensic investigations.

Main Methods:

• Bone samples with traumas were analyzed using SEM/EDS.
• Microscopic features and elemental composition of microtraces were examined.
• The method involves sample preparation, SEM imaging, and EDS elemental analysis.

Main Results:

• SEM/EDS analysis successfully identified and characterized microtraces on bone from various trauma types.
• The elemental composition and morphology of microtraces provided clues about the impacting tool.
• Case studies illustrated the method's effectiveness in linking injuries to potential weapons.

Conclusions:

• SEM/EDS analysis of bone microtraces is a valuable forensic tool for weapon identification.
• Combining SEM/EDS data with other forensic disciplines strengthens investigative conclusions.
• This technique enhances criminal investigations by providing objective evidence about potential weapons.