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Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage. When...

Regulation of Pulse

Regulation of Pulse

Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

Published on: March 16, 2015

The breach rhythm.

Francesco Brigo¹, Rosario Cicero, Antonio Fiaschi

¹Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Italy. dr.francescobrigo@gmail.com

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

|August 30, 2011

Summary

Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings after craniotomy can be misleading due to breach rhythm (BR). This review offers tips to differentiate BR from epileptiform abnormalities, emphasizing a conservative approach to avoid misdiagnosis of epilepsy.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

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Published on: March 16, 2015

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EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

Published on: April 9, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Clinical Neurophysiology

Background:

Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings post-craniotomy are challenging to interpret.
The presence of breach rhythm (BR) with high-voltage, irregular waveforms can mimic epileptiform abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the electroencephalography (EEG) features of breach rhythm (BR).
To provide technical guidance for the accurate interpretation of BR.
To differentiate BR from epileptiform abnormalities, preventing misdiagnosis of epilepsy.

Main Methods:

Review of EEG recordings and literature concerning breach rhythm.
Analysis of waveform morphology and characteristics of BR.
Comparison of BR features with interictal epileptiform abnormalities.

Main Results:

Breach rhythm (BR) presents as unfiltered, high-voltage physiological waveforms.
BR morphology can be spiky and irregular, closely resembling epileptiform discharges.
Misinterpretation of BR can lead to incorrect diagnoses of epilepsy.

Conclusions:

Accurate differentiation between breach rhythm (BR) and epileptiform abnormalities is crucial.
A conservative EEG reading approach with a high threshold for diagnosing epileptiform abnormalities is recommended.
Proper interpretation of BR avoids misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment for epilepsy.