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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...

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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Circadian rhythms and fertility.

David J Kennaway1, Michael J Boden, Tamara J Varcoe

  • 1Robinson Institute, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. david.kennaway@adelaide.edu.au

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|August 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Circadian rhythms regulate fertility and reproductive functions. Disruptions to these biological timing systems, common with shiftwork or in vitro fertilization, can negatively impact reproductive capacity in both sexes.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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Published on: November 11, 2016

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms influence numerous physiological systems, including reproductive capacity.
  • Genetic mutations disrupting circadian rhythmicity in mice lead to compromised reproductive function.
  • Modern lifestyle factors like shiftwork and assisted reproductive technologies can interfere with natural timing cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of circadian clocks within male and female reproductive tissues.
  • To explore the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on fertility and reproductive processes.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding circadian influences on reproduction in the context of modern life.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on circadian clocks in reproductive tissues.
  • Analysis of studies on genetic models with disrupted circadian rhythms.
  • Discussion of physiological processes affected by circadian disruption.

Main Results:

  • Circadian clocks are present in both female and male reproductive tissues.
  • These clocks are integral to oestrus cycles, ovulation, and sperm generation.
  • Circadian timing influences implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian rhythms are crucial for normal reproductive function.
  • Disruptions to circadian systems pose a significant risk to fertility.
  • Further research is needed to address the impact of circadian disruption on reproductive health and technologies.