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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...

Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

Published on: December 28, 2012

A severe complication after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (Part 1).

Małgorzata Stępień-Wojno¹, Anna Konopka, Miłosz Marona

¹Intensive Cardiac Therapy Clinic, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.

Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

|August 30, 2011

Summary

A 70-year-old woman survived anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal rupture. Surgical repair of the two septal defects after conservative management led to a good clinical outcome.

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A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Cardiac Surgery

Background:

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a critical condition.
Ventricular septal rupture (VSD) is a rare but serious complication of myocardial infarction.
Cardiogenic shock indicates severe heart pump failure.

Observation:

A 70-year-old woman presented with anterior STEMI.
The STEMI led to the development of two VSDs and cardiogenic shock.
Initial treatment involved 6 weeks of inotropes and intra-aortic balloon pump support.

Findings:

Surgical repair of the ventricular septal defects was successfully performed.
The patient experienced a good clinical outcome following the surgical intervention.

Implications:

This case highlights the potential for successful surgical VSD repair in patients with myocardial infarction-induced cardiogenic shock.
Early and definitive surgical management can improve outcomes in complex cardiac emergencies.
Conservative management followed by surgical intervention is a viable strategy for VSD post-STEMI.