Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
Abstract:
The US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is proposing to enhance federal regulation intended to protect human research subjects, in particular to increase measures aimed at security of personal data. Since the ethical review process is partially based on respect for people and their autonomy, harmonization of these rules will be a process of convincing individuals and their states to accept uniform standards that give enough privacy but do not lock away personal data from either research participants or researchers.
Related Concept Videos
Critical Thinking II
Critical Thinking
Colleges and universities are...
Critical Thinking I
Cognitive Learning
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
Cognitivism
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...

