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What is a problem?: On problem-oriented interdisciplinarity.

Jan C Schmidt1

  • 1Unit of Social, Culture and Technology Studies, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany.

Poiesis & Praxis : International Journal of Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment
|August 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This paper clarifies the concept of "problem" in interdisciplinary studies, advocating for a problem-oriented approach. It distinguishes this from object, theory, and method-oriented interdisciplinarity for better problem-solving.

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Area of Science:

  • Interdisciplinary Studies
  • Philosophy of Science

Background:

  • The term "problem" is central to defining interdisciplinarity (ID) and transdisciplinarity.
  • Current discourse and practice in ID face challenges in clearly defining "problem."

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the notion of "problem" within interdisciplinary research.
  • To advocate for a specific type: problem-oriented interdisciplinarity.
  • To distinguish problem-oriented ID from object, theory, and method-oriented approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Ex negativo approach to define what problem-oriented ID is not.
  • Utilizing distinctions from philosophy of science (ontology, epistemology, methodology).
  • Analyzing the concept of "problem" through undesired state, desired state, and barriers.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct types of ID: object-oriented, theory-oriented, and method-oriented.
  • Defined "problem" as comprising an undesired state, a desired state, and barriers.
  • Highlighted three types of knowledge: systems, target, and transformation knowledge.

Conclusions:

  • Problem-oriented interdisciplinarity is the most needed and most challenging form of ID.
  • A clear understanding of "problem" is crucial for effective interdisciplinary problem-solving.
  • Further elaboration on methodological and epistemological aspects of problem-oriented ID is provided.