Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Halogenation: Thermodynamics01:34

Radical Halogenation: Thermodynamics

The thermodynamic favorability of a reaction is determined by the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG). ΔG has two components- enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS). The entropy component is negligible for alkane halogenation because the number of reactants and product molecules are equal. In this case, the ΔG is governed only by the enthalpy component. The most crucial factor that determines ΔH is the strength of the bonds. ΔH can be determined by comparing the energy between bonds broken and bonds...
Halogens03:01

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
Hess's Law03:40

Hess's Law

There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Body Image Disturbance and Body Dissatisfaction in Sisters of Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa: A Narrative Review and a Preliminary Study.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Advances in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: Up-to-date Strategies of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Therapeutic Vaccines.

Current treatment options in oncology·2026
Same author

From trial-and-error to inverse design: how AI is redefining drug delivery systems.

Drug discovery today·2026
Same author

Anatomical-Motor Level Discrepancy in Prenatal Diagnosis of Open Spinal Dysraphism: A 12-Year Retrospective Observational Study.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2026
Same author

Liposome-mediated delivery of a ruthenium-based metallodrug to overcome cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma.

Drug delivery·2026
Same author

Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with antiviral, neuroimmune, and cardiometabolic proteomic profiles in people with HIV.

Frontiers in nutrition·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
08:18

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Published on: June 12, 2016

Radiative efficiencies for fluorinated esters: indirect global warming potentials of hydrofluoroethers.

Iván Bravo1, Yolanda Díaz-de-Mera, Alfonso Aranda

  • 1Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain. ivan.bravo@uclm.es

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|August 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Fluorinated esters (FESs) are potent greenhouse gases. Their atmospheric oxidation products, also FESs, significantly increase the global warming potential of hydrofluoroethers (HFEs), sometimes by over 1600%.

More Related Videos

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
09:04

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
08:43

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
08:18

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System (FFS) for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

Published on: June 12, 2016

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
09:04

Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow

Published on: April 18, 2019

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
08:43

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Climate Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Fluorinated esters (FESs) are recognized as potential greenhouse gases.
  • Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) can degrade into FESs in the troposphere, contributing to global warming.
  • Direct global warming potentials (GWPs) may underestimate the total climate impact of HFEs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict infrared spectra and radiative efficiencies (REs) of FESs using Density Functional Theory (DFT).
  • To determine the direct global warming potentials (GWPs) of FESs.
  • To assess the indirect GWP of commonly used HFEs by considering their conversion to FESs in the atmosphere.

Main Methods:

  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) with empirical wavenumber correction for infrared spectra prediction.
  • Calculation of radiative efficiencies (REs) using the Pinnock et al. method.
  • Determination of direct and indirect global warming potentials (GWPs) using literature atmospheric lifetimes.

Main Results:

  • FESs exhibit long atmospheric lifetimes and significant REs, contributing to global warming.
  • The indirect GWP of some HFEs can increase by 100-1600% due to secondary FES formation.
  • The climate impact of certain HFEs is significantly underestimated when only direct GWPs are considered.

Conclusions:

  • The formation of FESs during HFE atmospheric oxidation substantially enhances their overall global warming potential.
  • Indirect GWPs are crucial for accurately assessing the climate contribution of HFEs.
  • This study highlights the importance of considering degradation products for climate change mitigation strategies.