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Related Concept Videos

Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases


The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a high...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

Hyperpolarized noble gases as contrast agents.

Xin Zhou1

  • 1Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430071 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. xzhou@lbl.gov

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Hyperpolarized noble gases like helium-3 and xenon-129 significantly boost MRI signal for lung imaging. This chapter details the spin exchange optical pumping technique for producing these gases and strategies for their use in vivo.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Hyperpolarized noble gases ((3)He, (129)Xe) offer 10,000-100,000x NMR signal enhancement over thermal gases.
  • This dramatic signal increase holds significant potential for improving lung MRI sensitivity and contrast.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the physics behind spin exchange optical pumping for producing hyperpolarized noble gases.
  • To describe the essential components and procedures for constructing a polarizer.
  • To discuss strategies for storing and delivering hyperpolarized gases for in vivo imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Spin exchange optical pumping technique.
  • Detailed explanation of polarizer components and construction procedures.

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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
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  • Discussion of storage and delivery methods for hyperpolarized gases.

    • Main Results:

    • The underlying physics of spin exchange optical pumping is elucidated.
    • Practical guidance on building a polarizer is provided.
    • Strategies for effective gas storage and delivery for in vivo applications are presented.

    Conclusions:

    • Hyperpolarized noble gases are crucial for advanced lung MRI.
    • Understanding spin exchange optical pumping is key to their production.
    • Practical considerations for polarizer construction and gas handling are vital for successful in vivo imaging.