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Related Concept Videos

Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

Overview
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.

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Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector
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Intragenomic bet-hedging.

Jostein Starrfelt1

  • 1Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway. jostein.starrfelt@niva.no

Genetica
|August 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Intragenomic bet-hedging, where one gene influences another, can lead to beneficial alleles becoming common. This genetic strategy may reduce the negative effects of heterozygote advantage.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Genomic imprinting

Background:

  • Intragenomic bet-hedging is a strategy where an organism's genome diversifies its gene expression or phenotype within a single generation.
  • This can occur through various mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications or random molecular events.
  • Understanding intragenomic bet-hedging is crucial for explaining the maintenance of genetic variation and the evolution of complex traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and model the concept of intragenomic bet-hedging within a two-locus genetic system.
  • To investigate the conditions under which bet-hedging alleles can achieve fixation.
  • To explore the potential of intragenomic bet-hedging as a mechanism to mitigate severe heterozygote advantage.

Main Methods:

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  • Development of a theoretical model for a two-locus genetic system.
  • Simulation of a spatially structured population.
  • Analysis of allele dynamics under selection and varying fitness landscapes.

Main Results:

  • Bet-hedging alleles, characterized by lower mean fitness and reduced fitness variance, can successfully reach fixation.
  • The genetic "environment" set by one locus influences selection at another locus.
  • Fixation of bet-hedging alleles was observed, suggesting a potential mechanism for reducing heterozygote advantage.

Conclusions:

  • Intragenomic bet-hedging provides a novel framework for understanding allele frequency dynamics.
  • This mechanism can explain the evolutionary persistence of alleles with seemingly lower fitness.
  • Bet-hedging offers a potential solution to the problem of severe heterozygote advantage in genetic systems.