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Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in primary thyroid lymphoma with coexisting lymphocytic thyroiditis
Mohammad Arabi1, Ryan Dvorak, Lauren B Smith
1Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5028, USA. marabi@med.umich.edu
Primary thyroid lymphoma, often linked with lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT), presents diagnostic challenges. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET)/CT aids in staging, assessing metabolic activity, and monitoring treatment response in these uncommon neoplasms.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Nuclear Medicine
- Radiology
Background:
- Primary thyroid lymphoma is a rare cancer often co-occurring with lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT).
- Accurate staging and treatment response evaluation are crucial after diagnosis.
- This case highlights the utility and challenges of 18F-FDG PET/CT in managing thyroid lymphoma.
Observation:
- A 44-year-old male with a history of LT presented with an enlarged goiter and adenopathy.
- Histopathology confirmed primary thyroid lymphoma on an LT background.
- 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated increased uptake in the thyroid and lymph nodes.
Findings:
- Post-chemotherapy 18F-FDG PET/CT showed reduced uptake in the thyroid gland.
- A decrease in size and metabolic activity of lymph nodes was observed.
- 18F-FDG PET/CT effectively assessed treatment response.
Implications:
- The overlap between LT and primary thyroid lymphoma complicates diagnosis.
- 18F-FDG PET/CT offers added value beyond anatomical imaging for metabolic assessment.
- This imaging modality is beneficial for detecting disease extent and monitoring therapeutic efficacy.
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