Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical and Emotional Factors Related to Erectile Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Men.

American journal of men's health·2016
Same author

Cost-effectiveness of initial antiretroviral treatment administered as single vs. multiple tablet regimens with the same or different components.

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)·2016
Same author

The G1/S Specific Cyclin D2 Is a Regulator of HIV-1 Restriction in Non-proliferating Cells.

PLoS pathogens·2016
Same author

Long-term HIV-1 infection induces an antiviral state in primary macrophages.

Antiviral research·2016
Same author

Impact of protease inhibitors on the evolution of urinary markers: Subanalyses from an observational cross-sectional study.

Medicine·2016
Same author

Lack of concordance between residual viremia and viral variants driving de novo infection of CD4(+) T cells on ART.

Retrovirology·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
11:19

Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

Published on: May 4, 2015

RNA interference as a tool for exploring HIV-1 robustness.

Maria Nevot1, Gloria Martrus, Bonaventura Clotet

  • 1Fundació irsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|August 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Second-generation siRNAs prevent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) escape by targeting mutations. This strategy blocks viral evolution and can guide the development of novel antiviral therapies.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of the Efficacy And Toxicity of RNAs Targeting HIV-1 Production for Use in Gene or Drug Therapy
12:03

Evaluation of the Efficacy And Toxicity of RNAs Targeting HIV-1 Production for Use in Gene or Drug Therapy

Published on: September 5, 2016

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
11:19

Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

Published on: May 4, 2015

Evaluation of the Efficacy And Toxicity of RNAs Targeting HIV-1 Production for Use in Gene or Drug Therapy
12:03

Evaluation of the Efficacy And Toxicity of RNAs Targeting HIV-1 Production for Use in Gene or Drug Therapy

Published on: September 5, 2016

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • RNA Interference

Background:

  • Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) effectively inhibit HIV-1 replication.
  • HIV-1's high mutation rate poses a significant challenge due to viral escape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate second-generation siRNAs for preventing HIV-1 escape.
  • To investigate HIV-1's evolutionary capacity under selective pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Assaying antiviral efficacy of siRNAs targeting conserved HIV-1 protease sequences.
  • Serial viral transfers in cell cultures to detect breakthrough.
  • Molecular cloning and DNA sequencing to identify escape mutations.
  • Utilizing second-generation siRNAs to block specific escape routes.

Main Results:

  • A single point mutation (D30N) emerged as a common escape route.
  • Second-generation siRNAs targeting the D30N mutation restored inhibition.
  • Combined siRNAs prevented D30N mutant emergence and induced alternative escape routes.

Conclusions:

  • Second-generation siRNAs are effective in blocking RNA interference (RNAi) escape.
  • This approach can be used to explore HIV-1 sequence space and identify new escape pathways.
  • The described protocol aids in understanding viral evolution and developing attenuated viruses.