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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

Published on: November 12, 2014

The cardiovascular risks of diving.

Paul D Thompson¹

¹Section of Cardiology, Henry Low Heart Center, Hartford Hospital Hartford, Conn, USA. pthomps@harthosp.org

Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc

|September 1, 2011

Summary

Cardiovascular disease contributes to diving fatalities. While exercise poses a small cardiac risk to healthy individuals, specific strategies to mitigate diving-related cardiac events are lacking.

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular physiology and diving medicine.

Background:

Cardiovascular disease is implicated in a significant portion of diving fatalities.
Limited research exists on cardiovascular complications specific to diving.
Extensive literature details exercise-related cardiac events on land, noting a small absolute risk for healthy individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the cardiovascular complications associated with diving.
To explore potential strategies for mitigating cardiac risks in divers.

Main Methods:

Literature review comparing land-based exercise cardiac events with diving-related risks.
Analysis of existing data on diving fatalities and cardiovascular disease.

Main Results:

Cardiovascular disease is a major factor in diving fatalities.
No established strategies exist to reduce exercise-related cardiac events in diving.
Land-based exercise carries a low risk of acute cardiac events for healthy individuals.

Conclusions:

Pre-diving medical evaluations and clearance for individuals with cardiac conditions are recommended.
Training dive personnel to recognize cardiac prodromal symptoms is crucial.
Regular emergency training for diving supervisors is advised for prudent risk management.