Cardiovascular screening in asymptomatic adults: lessons for the diving world

At the broadest level, consensus preparticipation recommendations for athletes of all ages focus on performance of a history and physical examination, with the additional performance of a screening test being more controversial. Depending upon athlete age and the associated prevalence of etiologies of cardiac death, differences exist regarding specific targets for the history and physical and for the type of testing considered. This paper provides a summary of the estimated relative value of the components of a screening program for both younger and older athletes.