Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Gene Duplication and Divergence

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.

Genetic Variation

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...

Genome Copying Errors

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Enrichment of Membrane Proteins for Downstream Analysis Using Styrene Maleic Acid Lipid Particles (SMALPs) Extraction.

Bio-protocol·2023

Same author

WITHDRAWN: Positive Impact of the Bionic Pancreas on Diabetes Control in Youth 6-17 Years Old with Type 1 Diabetes: A Multicenter Randomized Trial.

Diabetes technology & therapeutics·2022

Same author

In Depth Exploration of the Alternative Proteome of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2022

Same author

<i>Drosophila</i> nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and their native interactions with insecticidal peptide toxins.

eLife·2022

Same author

Safeguarding adults at risk of abuse: identifying educational gaps amongst hospital staff to guide training.

Irish journal of medical science·2022

Same author

The Evolution of Sox Gene Repertoires and Regulation of Segmentation in Arachnids.

Molecular biology and evolution·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

'MiMICing' genomic flexibility.

Steven Russell¹

¹Department of Genetics and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. s.russell@gen.cam.ac.uk

|September 1, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new collection of Minos transposon insertions expands genome engineering capabilities in Drosophila melanogaster. This resource offers greater range and flexibility for researchers studying fruit fly genetics.

More Related Videos

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

Generating CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Monoallelic Deletions to Study Enhancer Function in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Generating CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Monoallelic Deletions to Study Enhancer Function in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: April 2, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

Generating CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Monoallelic Deletions to Study Enhancer Function in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Generating CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Monoallelic Deletions to Study Enhancer Function in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: April 2, 2016

Area of Science:

Genetics and Genomics
Molecular Biology

Background:

The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a key model organism for genetic research.
Genome engineering tools are crucial for understanding gene function and biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel collection of Minos transposon insertions for Drosophila melanogaster.
To enhance the capabilities of genome engineering in this model organism.

Main Methods:

Development and characterization of a new set of Minos transposon insertion lines.
Validation of the utility of these insertions for genetic screens and modifications.

Main Results:

A significantly expanded collection of Minos transposon insertions is now available.
These insertions provide increased coverage and flexibility for targeted genome manipulation.

Conclusions:

The new Minos transposon collection represents a valuable resource for the Drosophila melanogaster research community.
This advancement will facilitate more sophisticated and efficient genome engineering studies.