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Chemically induced aneuploidy in higher plants.

C B Sharma1

  • 1Salim Ali School of Ecology, Pondicherry University, India.

Mutagenesis
|March 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Environmental factors and chemicals can induce aneuploidy (abnormal chromosome numbers) in plants by disrupting cell division. Further research is needed to understand these mechanisms and their implications.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genetics
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Aneuploidy, changes in chromosome number, is frequently observed in plants.
  • Mechanisms and environmental inducers of plant aneuploidy are poorly understood.
  • This review analyzes literature on aneuploidy induction in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To collate and analyze literature on aneuploidy induction in plants.
  • To identify the mechanisms involved in aneuploidy.
  • To highlight environmental agents contributing to aneuploidy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing studies on plant aneuploidy.
  • Categorization of chemical agents and environmental factors.
  • Examination of effects on cellular segregation, spindle, and phragmoplast functions.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 400 chemicals (agricultural, drugs, natural, industrial) are suspected to induce aneuploidy in ~60 plant species.
  • Nearly half of these chemicals affect spindle mechanisms; ~60 affect phragmoplast function.
  • 45 plant species show aneuploidy from factors like soil nutrition, pollution, seed aging, and pesticides.

Conclusions:

  • Agricultural chemicals, drugs, and industrial products can induce aneuploidy by stressing cellular processes.
  • Environmental factors and anthropogenic causes contribute to spontaneous aneuploidy.
  • Improved research protocols and new approaches are essential for understanding plant aneuploidy.

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